An Aragami's attack attribute is the element they use in their attacks; if you find yourself taking too much damage from a tough enemy, get a shield that blocks that element. Their breakable parts are able to be damaged or destroyed for bonus items at the end of the mission.
Weak points are areas that take extra damage, but are not necessarily breakable. Try to attack aragami with a weapon that aligns with its weaknesses, and avoid using weapons with elements your target is resistant to. By devouring an aragami's corpse, you get items with a prefix determined by that type of aragami. For example, if you want to make that sweet new weapon but find you're a couple Witch Plumage short, just search here for 'Witch' and you'll find that you'll have to hunt a Fallen Sariel to get it. Most information is sourced from the God Eater wiki, with many minor corrections based from my own observations.A big thanks to:.
xI-Crimson-Ix, for pointing out that Arda Nova's item prefix is Invictus past chapter 12. LordOfEndgame, for pointing out that Amors sometimes appears randomly, and also that Amors drop A Platinum tickets between ranks 9 through 11. Clerericus, for pointing out that Hera, Poseidon, Zeus, and Spartacus are not currently accessible in the game, though are possibly locked away as potential DLC (as they were indeed DLC in previous iterations). Also, for pointing out that Blitz Hannibal (originally from God Eater 2) is in the game. I wish I could include physical damage in the list, but it's difficult to include for several reasons. Having too much information in the tables leaves them incomprehensible within the steam guide formatting restrictions; I went through several iterations of table formats just to get this far. Second, there's no complete trustworthy list of information for all aragami, so even if I did include it, most entries would be empty.
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I put in a few where I could. I apologize, but this is the best compromise I could find to provide complete, easy-to-read info.